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The majority were isolated from soil originating from central Africa and the Mediterranean region. Figure 1įrom the approximately 350 Planomonospora entries listed in the Naicons collection, 72 strains confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as belonging to the genus Planomonospora were selected. This study gives unprecedented insight into the rare genus Planomonospora, correlating metabolites to their putative BGCs and making way for targeted isolation efforts. (11,31−36) The investigation was carried out on 72 strains from the Naicons collection and was complemented with genomic analyses of selected strains. Similar workflows have been reported by other groups. (30) Here, the capability of Planomonospora strains to produce secondary metabolites is accessed, using a pipeline of freely available tools for metabolome and genome mining for the prioritization of promising strains and/or metabolites for further investigation (see Figure 1). Few molecules have been described as produced by this genus: the thiopeptides thiostrepton (22) and siomycin, also known as sporangiomycin (23,24) lantibiotic 97518, also known as planosporicin, (25,26) a member of a family of class I lantipeptides produced by many actinobacterial genera (27) the lassopeptide sphaericin (28) and the ureylene-containing oligopeptide antipain, (29) which is also produced by Streptomyces.
![tsre 5 track database tsre 5 track database](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S092479631630001X-gr5.jpg)
Originally described by researchers from Lepetit (the predecessor company of Naicons) in 1967, (21) six species, two subspecies, and four unclassified strains can be found in public collections or databases. Our group is particularly interested in exploring the metabolic capabilities of rare genera of actinomycetes present within the Naicons collection, which comprises approximately 45 000 actinomycete strains of diverse origin, isolated between 19. Earlier studies on bacterial genera, such as the actinobacteria Salinispora (14−16) and Nocardia, (17) the myxobacterium Myxococcus, (18) and the γ-proteobacterium Pseudoalteromonas (19) have demonstrated distinct chemical profiles and shown correlations between taxonomic and metabolomic diversity. These methods allow researchers to rationalize resources and quickly prioritize strains or metabolites for further investigations. In addition, advances in (tandem) mass spectrometry and the introduction of molecular networking, (10) the tandem mass (MS 2)-based grouping of molecules by structural relatedness, has made untargeted metabolomics broadly available, (11) while public databases such as GNPS (12) and the Natural Product Atlas (13) facilitate metabolite annotation. (7) Tools such as antiSMASH (8) mine genomes for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), while BGC repositories such as MIBiG (9) aid in the evaluation of BGC novelty. Recent advances in genome mining have enabled researchers to investigate the biosynthetic potential of bacteria in silico, with minimal wet lab work. This study demonstrates the value of metabolomic studies to investigate poorly explored taxa and provides a first picture of the biosynthetic capabilities of the genus Planomonospora. Analysis of the genomes of three newly sequenced strains led to the detection of 59 gene cluster families, of which three were connected to products found by LC-MS/MS profiling. In addition, we found that Planomonospora strains can produce the siderophore desferrioxamine or a salinichelin-like peptide.
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We were able to identify previously reported Planomonospora metabolites, including the ureylene-containing oligopeptide antipain, the thiopeptide siomycin including new congeners, and the ribosomally synthesized peptides sphaericin and lantibiotic 97518. The results reveal a correlation of chemical diversity and strain phylogeny, with classes of metabolites exclusive to certain phylogroups. Here, we report a metabolomic study of 72 isolates belonging to the rare actinomycete genus Planomonospora, using a workflow of commonly used open access tools to investigate its secondary metabolites. In addition, systematic characterization of poorly explored strains is seldomly performed. Better workflows for the rapid investigation of complex extracts are needed to increase throughput and to allow early prioritization of samples. Despite an excellent track record, microbial drug discovery suffers from high rates of rediscovery.